Trees, wetlands and green roofs must be seen as core urban infrastructure, not just cosmetic extras, according to an international study led by the University of Surrey.
The paper, produced through the UKRI-funded RECLAIM Network Plus, calls for nature to be fully embedded in planning and design if cities are to be climate-resilient, liveable and healthy.
It draws on global case studies – including Singapore’s lush green corridors, Cardiff’s mass tree planting and Copenhagen’s climate-proofed neighbourhoods – to show how urban greening can cut pollution, lower flood risk and boost biodiversity.
Lead author Professor Prashant Kumar, Director of Surrey’s Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), said: “Nature-based infrastructure is not just a ‘nice-to-have’ aesthetic enhancement but a fundamental component of sustainable urban development.
“Urban greening can be a cost-effective and practical solution to some of our most pressing challenges – from climate change and biodiversity loss to growing health inequalities.”
But the report also warns of ‘green gentrification’ – where new green developments risk pricing out local communities.
It stresses the importance of inclusive design, community engagement and equitable access to nature.
To deliver nature-based infrastructure at scale, the authors call for clear green space targets, long-term funding, incentives for developers and joined-up policymaking across climate, health and housing.
